Calculate resistive heat energy from current, resistance, and time
Current I (A)
Resistance R (ohm)
Time t (s)
Result
Answer
Step-by-Step Derivation
Joule Heating Formula
Q = I^2 R t
P = I^2 R
Q = P t
Joule heating converts electrical energy into heat when current flows through resistance. The power is proportional to the square of current, so current changes strongly affect heating.
⚠This calculator gives ideal electrical heat energy. Real temperature rise also depends on mass, airflow, thermal resistance, and heat capacity.
What Is Joule Heating?
Joule heating is the heat produced by electrical resistance. It is useful in heaters but unwanted in wires, batteries, and electronics where it becomes power loss.
I Squared Effect
Heating increases with the square of current.
Resistance Loss
Higher resistance creates more heat at the same current.
Time Factor
Energy accumulates as power continues over time.
Thermal Design
Heat must be removed to protect components.
Example: For I = 2 A, R = 5 ohm, and t = 60 s, power is 20 W and heat energy is 1200 J.
Free online calculators and tools covering mathematics, unit conversion, text processing, and daily life. Accurate, fast, mobile-friendly, and completely free to use.