Find the remainder when P(x) is divided by x - c
The remainder theorem says that polynomial division by a linear expression can be checked with a single substitution. Instead of performing full long division, replace x with c and evaluate P(c). The result is exactly the remainder after dividing by x-c. This shortcut is especially useful when testing possible factors, checking synthetic division work, or solving polynomial problems quickly.
The remainder theorem turns a polynomial division question into a substitution question. Instead of dividing P(x) by x-c, evaluate P(c) to get the exact remainder.
P(x)=(x-c)Q(x)+R.
P(c)=0·Q(c)+R, so R=P(c).
The last synthetic division value is the same remainder.
If the remainder is zero, x-c is a factor.
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