Median: Middle value after sorting (odd: mid, even: avg of two)
Quartiles: Q1=25%, Q3=75%
Range = Max - Min
IQR = Q3 - Q1
Median/mode measure central tendency. Range/IQR measure dispersion.
⚠At least 3 values required. Mode may not exist or have multiple values.
What are Median, Mode & Quartiles?
These are key position measures in statistics. Median = center (robust), Mode = most frequent, Quartiles = distribution. Together they describe data distribution fully.
Median
Middle value after sorting. Odd n: single value; Even n: average of two. Robust to outliers.
Mode
Most frequent value. 0/1/multiple modes possible. Used for categorical data.
Quartiles
Split sorted data into 4 parts: Q1(25%), Q2=Median(50%), Q3(75%).
Median is the middle value after sorting, NOT affected by outliers. Mean is the arithmetic average, strongly affected by outliers. Median is better for skewed data (e.g., income).
What is mode? Can data have multiple modes?▼
Mode is the most frequent value. Data can have 0 (no mode), 1 (unimodal), or multiple modes (multimodal). Mode is used for categorical data (sizes, brands).
How to calculate Q1 and Q3?▼
Q1 (1st quartile) = 25th percentile, Q3 (3rd quartile) = 75th percentile. IQR = Q3 - Q1, a robust measure of spread unaffected by outliers.
Range vs IQR?▼
Range = Max - Min (simple but sensitive to outliers). IQR = Q3 - Q1 (uses middle 50% data, robust to outliers). IQR is better for skewed data.
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