Calculate Δf = f₀ / Q and Cutoff Frequencies
The bandwidth of an RLC circuit defines the frequency range where the circuit passes signals with minimal attenuation. Within the -3dB bandwidth, the output is at least 70.7% of the peak resonant value. Outside this range, the signal is increasingly attenuated. High Q circuits have narrow bandwidth (high selectivity).
Bandwidth is a measure of the range of frequencies a resonant circuit can pass. It is determined by the Q factor, which depends on energy loss per cycle. Narrow bandwidth (high Q) means the circuit is very selective, ideal for radio tuning. Wide bandwidth (low Q) means the circuit passes a broader range, useful for audio or data transmission.
Q>50, Δf < 2% of f₀. High selectivity, rejects adjacent channels. Used in radio receivers and spectrum analyzers.
Q<5, Δf > 20% of f₀. Broad response, less distortion. Used in audio crossovers, wideband amplifiers, and data communication.
At f₁ and f₂: phase = ±45°, |Z| = √2×R (series). Output = 70.7% of peak. Power = 50% (half-power points, -3dB).
f₁ × f₂ = f₀². The resonant frequency is the geometric mean of the cutoff frequencies. Example: 995kHz × 1005kHz = 1MHz².
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