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Synthetic Division Calculator

Divide a polynomial by x - c using synthetic division

Polynomial coefficients
Divide by x - c, c =

Synthetic Division Rule

Bring down, multiply by c, add, repeat

Synthetic division is a compact shortcut for dividing a polynomial by a linear factor of the form x-c. It uses only the polynomial coefficients, so the written work is shorter than full polynomial long division. The process begins by bringing down the leading coefficient, then repeatedly multiplying by c and adding the next coefficient. The final number is the remainder, and the earlier numbers form the quotient coefficients.

Note: This method applies directly to divisors with leading coefficient 1, such as x-2 or x+3.

What Is Synthetic Division?

Synthetic division is a shortened version of polynomial long division for divisors like x-c. Instead of writing variables at every step, it works only with coefficients, making the process faster and less error-prone.

Bring Down

The first coefficient becomes the first quotient coefficient.

Multiply

Multiply the current bottom-row value by c and place it under the next coefficient.

Add

Add the column to get the next bottom-row value.

Remainder

The last bottom-row number is the remainder, equal to P(c).

💡 Example: Divide x³-3x²+2x+4 by x-1. Synthetic division with c=1 gives quotient x²-2x and remainder 4.

Applications of Synthetic Division

Polynomial DivisionRemainder TheoremFactor Testing

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a synthetic division calculator?
A synthetic division calculator divides a polynomial by a linear divisor of the form x-c using a compact coefficient method.
When can I use synthetic division?
Use synthetic division when the divisor is x-c, such as x-2 or x+3.
How do I enter x+3 as a divisor?
Since x+3 equals x-(-3), enter c=-3.
What does the last number mean?
The last synthetic division number is the remainder. It also equals f(c) by the remainder theorem.
Is synthetic division the same as long division?
It gives the same quotient and remainder as polynomial long division, but only for linear divisors in the x-c form.

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